Parkinson’s Disease by Dr. Joe Baumgarden DPT
Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the brain and nervous system that leads to difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination. Parkinson's symptoms usually begin gradually and get worse over time. There is currently no known cure, but there are ways to manage symptoms and slow progression of the disease. Common signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include slow and rigid movements, uncontrolled tremors (typically in the fingers and hands), diminished facial expressions, and possibly soft or slurred speech.
Medications used to manage symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are typically the first line of defense. Initially, they can provide significant improvements in symptoms. However, the effectiveness and consistency of the medications typically decrease over time, leaving results very unpredictable.
Exercise is also very effective in helping to manage symptoms of Parkinson’s and resultant limitations. Exercises designed to help improve strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination are very beneficial. Fortunately, qigong and tai chi have proven to be effective in not only these areas, but other areas as well!
Qigong and tai chi have been shown to be effective for many of the motor symptoms and concerns associated with Parkinson's disease. The exercises are slow and gentle, and may also be practiced in sitting if needed due to decreased standing tolerance or balance. As tolerance and balance improve, people often move to standing and holding onto a chair or counter for support and eventually may be able to progress to no support at all.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies found that the practice of qigong and tai chi are associated with significant improvement on most motor outcomes (speech, hand movements, posture, gait quality, tremors, coordination), balance, Timed-Up-and-Go and 6-Minute Walk Test (walking safety and efficiency), fall prevention, as well as depression and quality of life1.
Another study examined the effects of qigong on gait performance, functional mobility and sleep quality in older adults with mild to moderate Parkinson’s. One hundred people participated in the study and were randomized into 2 groups. The group performing qigong demonstrated significant improvements in sleep quality and disturbed sleep. The qigong group also demonstrated improvements in balance and walking safety and efficiency as well as increased gait speed when compared to the control group2.